![]() ![]() Forming an interface between the human body and the external environment, the human skin is constantly subject to both chronologically and environmentally induced changes. The latter phrase, ‘aging’, requires careful elucidation. ![]() With reference to the former, changes to the skin may be categorised as, but not limited to the following: histological, morphological, and physiological. Attention was paid to the phrases ‘changes to the skin’, and ‘aging’. In this article, skin aging is defined simply as changes to the skin that occur due to aging. As such, skin aging has been quantified using different phenotypes and grading systems, allowing the identification of multiple risk factors by various epidemiological studies 9, 10. There is a rough consensus that skin aging encompasses several phenotypes such as, but not limited to, wrinkling, pigmentation and telangiectasis 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Yet, a formally agreed definition of skin aging and its signs is still lacking. However, the concept of skin aging as a superimposition of skin changes induced by both chronologic and environmental factors was only introduced later, after 1983 2, 3. This review’s results will guide future works, such as those aiming to examine the interaction between genetic and environmental influences.Įpidemiological evidence of environmentally induced skin changes has existed as early as 1965 1. We identified seven notable risk factors for various skin aging phenotypes: age, gender, ethnicity, air pollution, nutrition, smoking, sun exposure. Otherwise, significant factors were reported in this review. Where odds ratios were reported, meta-analyses were conducted using the random effects model. ![]() Embase, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched in October 2020 using specific search strategies. We conducted our systematic review in compliance with Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. To better understand skin aging risk factors and collate the available data, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis. However, these studies have yet to be reviewed. The risk factors of skin aging have been studied previously, using methods of quantifying skin aging. (2016).Daily use of a facial broad spectrum sunscreen over one-year significantlyimproves clinical evaluation of photoaging.Skin aging has been defined to encompass both intrinsic and extrinsic aging, with extrinsic aging effected by environmental influences and overlaying the effects of chronological aging. The influence of the sleeping on the formation of facial wrinkles. (2015).Positive impact of dietary water on in vivo epidermal water physiology. Retinoidsin the treatment of skin aging: An overview of clinical efficacy and safety. Clinical, topographical and ultrastructuralevaluation: Double-blind study vs. (2015).Effect of commercial cleansers on skin barrier permeability. (1995).Effects of water temperature on surfactant-induced skin irritation. ![]() Cleansing without compromise: The impact of cleansers on the skinbarrier and the technology of mild cleansing. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. ![]()
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